Connection timed out

Error Message

SQLSTATE[HY000] [2002] Connection timed out

Cause

The database server is unreachable within the configured timeout. Common with remote databases, network issues, or firewall blocking.

Solution

Check network connectivity to the database server. Verify firewall rules. Check DB_HOST and DB_PORT. Increase connection timeout in PHP config.

Code Example

Fix

# Test network connectivity
telnet db-server 3306
ping db-server

# Check .env for correct host
DB_HOST=your-db-server.com
DB_PORT=3306

# Increase timeout in my.cnf
connect_timeout = 60

# PHP config
mysqli.default_connect_timeout = 60

Debugging Steps

Test network connectivity to the database server
Check firewall rules on both client and server
Verify DB_HOST and DB_PORT
Check for DNS resolution issues

Prevention

Use connection timeouts appropriate for your network. Monitor database server availability. Consider read replicas for geographic distribution.